Submitting that request in the browser yields a json object with relevant information. Submitting it using Python (used command line to run the code) yielded a 404 response. My best guess is that I hit a limit of sorts. But I never specified a limit in the browser, so both API queries should yield the same json object, right?
The user does not have permission to view the content
Since you were able to see the content via browser using the same content ID, then we can rule #1 out; we are now left with #2 as the probable cause. Are you using the same user for browser and CLI? If you are, how are you calling the REST API via Python?