Given an issue ID, which API should I call if I need to know which column the issue is in? I found no clue after going through the API document. The issue REST API examples contain nothing relating to column, or I may miss something?
If by column you are referring to the columns in a board (scrum or kanban), I have not seen a single API call to return that information. However, by making an additional call to get the column information (given a boardId), you might be able to get the mapping you need:
Call Get configuration API to get the board configuration and have a way to map statuses with columns which will return this information