PS : In windows I’had the same kind of error but with this message although installing Microsoft C++ Build Tools and adding the installation directory to the windows path :
error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 or greater is required. Get it with “Microsoft C++ Build Tools”: https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/visual-cpp-build-tools/
with questions regarding the DCAPT, I recommend checking out the community slack, where cool Atlassians working on the Toolkit as well as some community members talk and discuss about the Toolkit and provide support for it.
Regarding your problem: Looks like you are missing <Python.h>, which is included in the python-devel package. You could try running sudo yum install python3-devel to install the library on CentOS.
On Windows, it is required to install the Windows 10 SDK (which is apparently also working with windows server 2016) as well as the C++ Build Tools.
I hope this helps you and see you soon on the DCAPT community slack.