We also use Docker to do local development and even managed to enable QuickReload and java remote debugging. You can check out an example app with this setup here: GitHub - collabsoft-net/example-jira-app-with-docker-compose: This is an example project aimed at demonstrating how to use the official Atlassian Jira Software docker container (https://hub.docker.com/r/atlassian/jira-software) when developing P2 apps for Server/Data Center
It does indeed require a separate license key. We bought 10 dollar licenses for Server when it was still possible. The new way to obtain a license is described here: How to obtain server starter licenses after February 2, 2021
Although it is not included in the example repo, we have created an automated database import of a pre-configured database that already has the license applied. That way, we do not have to configure the instance every time we start it fresh.
Doing this really sped up our development process as Jira is running a lot smoother in the Docker container compared to the atlas-* commands.